Young and Feminine Comportment Essay Example

Youthful and Feminine Comportment Paper Iris Marion Young-Feminine Comportment The point of this article is to assess and talk about Iris Marion Young’s record of female comportment. Quite a bit of her paper depends on speculations and thoughts communicated in crafted by Merleau-Ponty thus to assess Young, this article will quickly talk about crafted by Merleau-Ponty. The paper will at that point go to the outline of Young’s article. The assessment of this contention will be obviously and briefly exemplified in a short end. The principal point that Young worries about is that Erwin Strauss in his investigation of body comportment takes yet a second to examine why little youngsters have the inadequate tossing style that they do. Strauss finds no end with regards to why little youngsters clumsily toss a ball thus puts it down to a â€Å"effeminate quintessence or female attitude†. Anyway perspectives are worked through socialization as in the clear paper socialization see that maybe appears the most conceivable if not sane. What is evident is that mentalities are found out not obtained so where might a multi year old young lady have educated of her â€Å"feminine essence†? In her own words Young looks to â€Å"†¦fill a hole that consequently exists both in existential phenomenology and women's activist hypothesis. † (Young. 1990, p 145) Young tries to discover how the body finishes a distinct errand and this is done through consolidating crafted by Merleau-Ponty and Beauvoir who both handle and figure various thoughts concerning development. Familiarity with body is inborn our bodies can â€Å"learn† where we are corresponding to space. We will compose a custom paper test on Young and Feminine Comportment explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom paper test on Young and Feminine Comportment explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom paper test on Young and Feminine Comportment explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer With training our bodies can act without psychological idea, the things that we practice with along these lines become an augmentation of ourselves-similarly as with an accomplished typist that no longer needs to take a gander at a PCs console, Merleau-Ponty compares this to his typewriter where a â€Å"motor space† opens under his hands and he can type without pondering finding the letters. This can be seen in sports as well, for instance when a squash player’s racquet is an augmentation of the body. The player knows about it, has a thought of where it is comparable to them and utilizes it as an augmentation of the body absent a lot of thought, so as to hit the ball. The equivalent happens in numerous different games like hockey, capable practice for quite some time transforms the stick into an expansion of the arms, the player is as mindful of it as they are of an appendage. At the point when a ball is hit perilously into a player’s body, rather than lifting hands to get it, the stick naturally comes up to square it. This is on the grounds that the player has prepared to do as such and now gives the activity no idea it simply occurs. This could be compared to muscle memory-and significantly after not contacting a stick or riding a bike, the individual attempting to do either would in any case have the option to. This thought we can so include our bodies in our general surroundings ought not be odd. People are excessively expelled from their environmental factors generally and this system of procured body development ought to be completely normal as after all we control our bodies. Youthful likewise makes reference to Simone de Beauvoir’s concentrate on female comportment. The issue with this investigation as indicated by Young is that Beauvoir centers around why ladies have consistently felt their body a weight this for the most part because of how conveying youngster and conceiving an offspring will in general make a gritty attach to nature that men don't understanding. This to some extent abuses ladies additionally the way that men don’t convey kids is by all accounts some portion of the common persecution that ladies feel. Anyway this doesn't address the issue of â€Å"feminine essence†, as this has to do with a woman’s physiology and not with a baffling pith. She begins with the fundamental developments mapping the distinctions in position while strolling, standing and sitting and afterward moves to how things are conveyed and utilized comparable to the body. The general discoveries are that ladies attempt to shield themselves from hurt; they don't trust themselves truly ready to perform overwhelming errands like men do. Additionally their activities mirror a characteristic subordinate situation comparable to the manner in which men walk, stand and collaborate with objects. People utilize their bodies distinctively as per Young-as though this was not promptly obvious, however to Young the â€Å"why† is what is significant. Generally Young surrenders that ladies don't feel as great with space as men do, men will in general take a progressively dynamic perspective on space, and game is a decent method of estimating this. Be that as it may, clearly it is too simple to even consider saying that ladies are more scared of getting injured than men are and that they don’t believe in their real capacities as men do-which Young proposals as a two-prong answer to why ladies are at a base level increasingly awkward with space and activities. She recommends that ladies don't believe their bodies as men do rather battling their bodies to satisfy an activity. Youthful at that point characterizes the three modalities of development that are restrained by innate womanliness and these are: uncertain amazing quality, repressed deliberateness and irregular solidarity. To clarify these terms-equivocal amazing quality is the possibility that as opposed to traveling through the body, ladies are awkward in it, they remember that they have a body, rather they are never-endingly mindful of it, but then not happy with it. Amazing quality is the point at which you are unified with your body, where your body is totally you, you don’t even consider it since the thing does all the encountering. Nature is the point at which you know about something as a thing. The hockey stick along these lines is inborn to us. Youthful is stating that for ladies, their bodies are just mostly extraordinary. At no time does a lady become lost in an action and overlook she has a body, she doesn’t interface with the activity through the body. She is consistently mindful of the body as an item. She says that the way that in, for instance, tossing, ladies just move some portion of their bodies (only the arm, say) shows that the unmoving part is as yet an article for them. To portray hindered deliberateness, feel that as opposed to your body coming to advance to get something, you waver. Deliberateness is engaged with how legitimately one expects to accomplish something. Youthful here is deciphering Merleau-Pontys thought that individuals display deliberateness in their development. Men have a brilliant feeling of purposefulness while that of ladies isn't as evolved or is impeded by numerous variables. Spasmodic solidarity must do with the environmental factors of the body. Youthful depicts how ladies detach muscles and muscle bunches so as to complete an errand. This isn't beneficial by any stretch as ladies don’t utilize the significant muscle gatherings to hold up under the weight. She additionally advocates that ladies consider themselves to be questions inside the circumstance. This depends to some degree on what Merleau-Ponty says about the unification of the body and the activity, for Young it is conceivable that his experience is basically because of him taking care of business. This for sure would make his association with the world not the same as hers. In this way straightforward undertakings, if Merleau-Ponty is right would require a lady to do both the job that needs to be done and furthermore battle her body-or urge it into carrying out the responsibility. â€Å"Woman takes herself to be the object of the movement as opposed to its originator† (Young. 1990, p150). Additionally it must be noticed that Young takes the view that ladies consider a to be as coming at them not towards them, getting for example should then troublesome. The possibility of the item coming at them must be vanquished all together that the article can be gotten. This adds another measurement to a basic demonstration, as the body must be cajoled into doing such an apparently straightforward undertaking. To summarize the ramifications of this are simple Young proposes that ladies experience a feeling of characteristic otherness concerning their own bodies. As to Young’s utilization of Merleau-Ponty’s work, she utilizes his work in her conversation of methodology, which she sums up into three focuses. But these three focuses manage a similar idea and appear to have nearly similar premises and end. The first relates that Merleau-Ponty causes a differentiation between the kinds of room that a human to can understanding. The various thoughts of room for him emerge because of a man or woman’s connection to that space, from this, Young derives that ladylike space is diverse to that of guys in that ladies discover space encasing and end up situated in space-this must imply that men wind up encompassed by space yet not situated in it-rather it around them. Merleau-Ponty finds that â€Å"here† and â€Å"there† to men are indeed the very same as I would likewise have thought-being male-the perspective on men is that â€Å"here† and â€Å"there† are the equivalent joined by their bodies. Ladylike spatiality again isn't equivalent to it expect the view that â€Å"there† is not quite the same as â€Å"here†-Young marks this twofold spatiality (Young, 1990, p152). The third point begins with the possibility that ladies end up situated in space. For Merleau-Ponty the world is comprised of items and articles require space, the body isn't the item however the system by which space can be estimated. This can't be so for ladies in the event that they are situated in space. Youthful decides to recommend that ladylike substantial comportment is a mind boggling issue and that it has nothing to do with a â€Å"feminine essence† as Strauss needed t

Code Of Ethic Compliance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Code Of Ethic Compliance - Essay Example Constrained! It doesn't work. A quiet psyche is the primary essential in any undertaking. The inclination of the brain is to meander. The brain must be held under scholarly watch yet that is conceivable just through instigating the correct evaluation of needs. Psyche responds to the upgrades from the world, and reacts as needs be, however an engrossed brain prompts a befuddled reaction. The primary goal of instructor ought to be to improve mind fixation or accessibility to draw the consideration absolutely and totally. Where is the room of any uncertainty for the person who is persuaded that the errand is inside his ability This ought to be the substance of very instruction. A favorable domain must be made by the instructor to construct high self-assurance and high confidence inside understudies. Demeanor has the effect. The teacher should turn into a wellspring of uplifting demeanor for the understudies. Louis A. Berman said A great educator is an ace of disentanglement and an adversary of simplism. A teacher must advance straightforward living yet high reasoning mentality. This enormously helps in scholarly improvement which thusly will do. As indicated by William Arthur Ward The average educator tells. The great instructor clarifies. The predominant instructor illustrates. The incredible educator motivates. A teacher needs to show others how its done. One needs to act than to address.

The Short-Term Effects of Heroin Use

The Short-Term Effects of Heroin Use Addiction Drug Use Heroin Print The Short-Term Effects of Heroin Use By Buddy T facebook twitter Buddy T is an anonymous writer and founding member of the Online Al-Anon Outreach Committee with decades of experience writing about alcoholism. Learn about our editorial policy Buddy T Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on January 04, 2017 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on January 02, 2020 Andrew Burton Collection/Getty Images News More in Addiction Drug Use Heroin Cocaine Marijuana Meth Ecstasy/MDMA Hallucinogens Opioids Prescription Medications Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Nicotine Use Coping and Recovery As soon as heroin enters the brain, the user experiences a surge of the pleasurable sensation known as a rush. When heroin enters the brain, crosses the blood-brain barrier, it is converted to morphine and quickly binds to opioid receptors, producing that euphoric feeling. How quickly the heroin enters the brain determines the intensity of the rush. When heroin is injected it causes a much quicker reaction than if it is smoked. If it is smoked, the reaction is quicker than if it is snorted. But, no matter how it is administered it enters the brain very rapidly and this is one reason heroin is so addictive. The Dangers of Heroin Remain, No Matter How Its Taken Other Short-Term Effects Other than the euphoric rush, users usually experience dry mouth, a warm flushing of the skin, and their extremities begin to feel heavy. Sometimes users can experience nausea, vomiting, and severe itching. After the initial, short-term effects of the drug, users can feel drowsy for several hours, due to heroins effect on the central nervous system. During this period cardiac function and breathing can slow down. In the case of a heroin overdose, breathing can slow to the point of being life-threatening. How Heroin Use Affects Your Health Street Heroin Is Not Always Pure Because heroin is often mixed with other substances before it is sold on the street level, the short-term effects that users experience can depend on many factors, including how much the drug was cut and what substance was used. Heroin is often mixed with non-harmful substances like baby powder or baking soda, which results in reducing the usual side effects of the drug. However, sometimes it is mixed with other substances that can increase the effects of the drug. Side Effects Can Be Deadly In recent years, healthcare officials have reported an increase in incidents in which heroin was mixed with the powerful painkiller fentanyl, a synthetic opioid that is much more powerful than pure heroin. The results were a significant increase in overdose deaths across the United States. The danger lies in the fact that heroin users really have no way of knowing exactly what they may be getting or how pure it may be. They really never know what they are actually taking. Users who are used to using heroin that has been highly diluted by mixing it with baking soda, who unexpectedly use heroin that has not to be cutâ€"or that which has been mixed with other drugsâ€"can accidentally overdose. Symptoms of a Heroin Overdose Taking too much heroin, accidentally or intentionally, can cause an overdose that can affect the airways, lungs, eyes, ears, nose, throat, heart, blood, skin, stomach, intestines, and the nervous system. If you suspect that someone has overdosed on heroin, call 911 immediately, or call the national, toll-free Poison Help hotline (800-222-1222). Here are symptoms of a heroin overdose: No breathingShallow breathingSlow and difficult breathingDry mouthExtremely small pupilsDiscolored tongueLow blood pressureWeak pulseBluish-colored nails and lipsSpasms of the stomach and intestinesComaDeliriumDisorientationDrowsinessUncontrolled muscle movements How to Recognize the Signs of Drug Overdose

Information Processing And The Human Mind - 1468 Words

Information processing theories emphasizes on the way people focus on environmental events, translate information to be learned and find a way to relate the information to the knowledge in the short term memory and then store the knowledge in the long term memory; to retrieve it when need be. The way we process information such as problem solving and critical thinking with such efficiency, it is seen that we perform better than highly sophisticated machines. Even thou the human mind is so incredibly remarkable, researchers didn’t develop systematic models of memory, cognition, and thinking until the 20th century. In the 1950s, the only pronounced research model was the information processing model (IPM). â€Å"Information processing is not the name of a single theory; it is a generic name applied to theoretical perspectives dealing with the sequence and execution of cognitive events (Sch.164).† Because of these multiple theory perspectives, information processing is sho rt of a clear identity. Most of the researcher on information processing was done in a lab where they studied eye movements, recognition and recall times, attention to stimuli, and interference in perception and memory. The researchers are still trying to apply educational settings that involve the basics; math, reading, and science. Theorists believe that learning starts to form with relations between the stimuli and responses, which is one of the characteristics in behaviorism. 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Researchers attempted to study thought through introspection. However, introspection was not impartial because individuals are far too complex and do not share similar thoughts and ideas. ThroughoutRead MoreThe Mind And Machines, An Oxymoron?1365 Words   |  6 PagesMinds and Machines, an oxymoron? Can machines think? This question, addressed by Descartes and Turing, leads to discussion of how thought is constructed and what is the mind made of. At the heart of the debate, there is a schism between Cartesian dualism and functionalism. Language is a method considered by both sides as evidence of thought and provides the test for intelligence. This essay will look at Descartes’ objections and Turing’s arguments for whether machine can ever think. 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Over the years, psychologists have studied to great lengths the processes that humans go through as they progress from infancy to adulthood. Several theories have emerged over time with three prominent ones. Jean Piaget and Lev Vygotsky produced two important and distinct theories. Another important theory, the information-processing theory, presents a completely different point

The Issues Of Cyber Bullying - 946 Words

Coastal Carolina University The Issues of Cyber-bullying Alyssa Staub CSCI 101 – D1 Professor Matthews October 23, 2017 Cyber bullying has been a topic for scholarly inquiry, political debate, and policy reform since the commercialization of the Internet. Pre-internet bullying involved socially marginalized children and teenagers picking on their friends and other marginalized children at school. Traditional discipline included detentions, phone calls to their parents, and some type of discipline between the children involved. Today however, for bullies has dramatically changed and the risk-reward balance has been significantly tilted in favor of the bullies. The Emergence of Technology Today, bullies can†¦show more content†¦A case can be made that for engaged participants within massively multiplayer online role playing games, their social well being is paramount in their realization of happiness and acceptance. This paper will also try to make a case for why bullying in these virtual gaming worlds can be more damaging to participants than traditional bullying. Cyber Bullying as a Criminological Issue The world has adopted the Internet as one of the most popular mediums for exchanging information, and criminologists need to be well versed in its complexities in order to make meaningful, relevant, and thought-provoking research. Cyber bullying piggy backs on the foundations of traditional bullying in principle, but provides instigators with a presumed veil of anonymity which modernizes the bullies’ process of bullying. Bullies naturally have less inhibition when they are bullying online because they can be safe at home without fear of repercussion. This is extremely troubling considering there is very little fear of reprisal in an online environment. There are no â€Å"internet police† actively monitoring conversations or information. 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Effect of Rapid Urbanization on Housing Free Essays

string(176) " families from the Island to the Mainland \(Oko Awo scheme\) and since then, the activities of planning authorities have assumed considerable importance in metropolitan Lagos\." THE IMPACT OF RAPID URBANIZATION ON HOUSING DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA FROM 1950 -2010 (Focus on urban developments and housing problems case study: Lagos) Urbanization according to Aluko O. E is rather subjective and can be given various interpretations. However in this concept it can be defined as the expansion of the number of people living in an urban area that depicts the rate at which people move from rural areas and populate the urban areas. We will write a custom essay sample on Effect of Rapid Urbanization on Housing or any similar topic only for you Order Now Reports however, from the united nation show that the population at the urban centres has multiplied four times its initial growth since 1960 and would have risen to a projected number of about 5 billion in the year 2030. Report also has it that over 70 per cent of these populations would settle in cities and towns. Following independence, many administrative centres experienced major unplanned rapid urbanization . The ripple effect of these on cities being the core of urban development is enormous especially on the housing development which has eventually resulted in overcrowding, inadequate dwellings, deplorable urban environment, degrading public infrastructure, and to an extreme, â€Å"outright homelessness† (Adesoji David Jiboye, 2011) . Nonetheless, According to Femi Olokesusi, 2011 quoting Onibokun et. al. 1987) and Onibolun and Kumuyi (1999), assert that various political and socio-economic factors have resulted in rapid growth of urban population resulting in informal settlements, poor housing and slums in Nigeria. The rate of influx of people into major cities has been so high that the pace of settlement development and housing provision could not accommodate them. Since they must have shelter, all forms of informal procedures are adopted to provide housing. This has resulted in non-compliance with physical planning regulations and development control standards. Thus there have been cases of incompatibility of land use activities, overcrowding (due to high occupancy ratio, high density of development), poor construction standards (due to use of substandard building materials and construction methods), and ill-serviced dwelling Units, among others. The impact of rapid population growth however, on urban development and conditions is far more than merely a demographic or quantitative one especially on housing development as a whole which is a direct consequence of the push of the rural areas and the pull of the town. Current studies however indicate that the impact of rapid urbanization in terms of housing is revealed both in its quantity and quantity such that the little number of available houses is being overloaded infrastructurally and spatially leading to a reduction in the level of comfort and a rapid development in the number of slums being created and the level of substandard houses being built in an unplanned and unhealthy environment. However, the level of impact on the adequacy of housing has been compounded particularly by the high rate of population growth, through influx of immigrants, exaggerated real estate values etc. Nonetheless, housing according to Aduwo 2011, Daramola 2006 et al is the measure of the level of housing inadequacy and its quality. According to pelu Awofeso, one out of every two Nigerians now live in a city leaving limited infrastructure to be engulfed by millions of individuals. In his report he stated that 16 million housing units would have to be provided to address the shortage in urban shelters since the inflow of people supersedes the rate at which affordable housing is being constructed. Housing however, according to Abbas Olukunmi Owoade, 2007 quoting Tannerfeldt and Ljung ‘06)does not only relate to provision of houses but also basic infrastructure of a neighbourhood as well as schools clinics , recreational facilities and other amenities. CASE STUDY:LAGOS The city of Lagos was first inhibited before the 15th century and grew from a typical small fishing and farming settlement due to certain factors such as, the construction of the railway in 1895 that linked the city, the hinterland and the port with the development of the Lagos harbour. In the twinkle of an eye, Lagos became the centre of trade and commerce bringing migrants from every nook and cranny. As the population increased so did the spatial expansion which posed a great deal of problems especially housing development. kehinde George, 2002). Population explosion in lagos became noticeable after 1950 amongst other reason, it was the national capital and in ’67 became a state on its own attracting funds from both the federal and state government there by introducing more migrants. However, Over 90 per cent of the typical housing standard is being provided by the private sector and individual efforts bringing about a gap between its demand and supply finding expression in the cost of rented values that eventually leads to vercrowding, growth of slums and rise in the number of substandard housing (Owoade,Abiodun ‘97). Two major factors that accounted for the rapid growth in lagos can tied to net migration and natural increase According to the old United Nations university website, prior to 1928, planned residential areas in Lagos were limited. They included Ikoyi, which was a reservation area for expatriates who were colonial administrators and executives of foreign firms, and had a population of 4,000, or 3 per cent of the population of the city in 1931. Apapa, Ebute Meta, and Yaba, with a combined population of 22,000, or 17 per cent of the total, also had some element of planning, in the sense that road networks in Ebute Meta and Yaba were laid out on a grid and residential development was confined to the blocks within the road pattern. On Lagos Island, apart from the areas around the racecourse and marina, the indigenous housing was unplanned and was left to develop haphazardly, with houses built quite close together. Such overcrowded, unhealthy housing and poor environmental conditions stimulated the rapid spread of influenza epidemics and bubonic plague, which ravaged the city between 1924 and 1930. These led to the emergence, in 1928, of the pioneer planning authority in Nigeria, the Lagos Executive Development Board (LEDB), which embarked on slum clearance and the relocation of families from the Island to the Mainland (Oko Awo scheme) and since then, the activities of planning authorities have assumed considerable importance in metropolitan Lagos. You read "Effect of Rapid Urbanization on Housing" in category "Papers" The government of Nigeria has interceded at different times to solve housing problems with particular focus on Lagos by providing housing units as well as establishing site and service programmes to make available plots of lands to individual to build their own houses, the period 1979-1983 under the Jakande administration witnessed a massive housing development programme. evertheless, These programmes had little impact in that it provided limited number of housing units with a major setback in the year 1994 due to increase in price of building materials. Thus, making a considerable number of Lagosians lack â€Å"shelter† a basic need of human existence. The wide gap between the supply of and the demand for has operated in escalating house rents, rent edict were promulgated to reduce this hardship by working population . In 1973 for instance the mid-west state government proclaimed an edict which limited the maximum rent payable on dwelling units. However, such edicts have not been effective in arresting increase in house rents (Josephine Abiodun,1976) Planned housing schemes in metropolitan Lagos |Housing agency |Scheme |Remarks | |Lagos Executive Development |Slum clearance of Central Lagos, 1955 to|1,847 families housed in Surulere. ,337 families resettled | |Board, 1955 -1975 |early 1960s, Olowogbowo Rehousing |in low-income rented houses. Subsidized by Ministry of Lagos| | |Scheme, Lagos Housing Scheme |Affairs | |   |Other housing schemes in Surulere |14,537 family units (dwellings) provided. In all, 128,800 | | | |people were provided with housing | |Lagos State Development and |Resettlement of slum dwellers from |1,000 families housed | |Property Corporation (LSDPC), |Central Lagos to Ogba and low-income | | |1972-1979 |housing in Isolo | | |Federal housing |Under 1975-1980 and 1981-1985 plan |6,000 housing units | | |periods | | |LSDPC, 1979 to date |Low-income housing |16,878 housing units | |   |Medium-income housing |1,790 housing units | Source: LSDPC In Lagos, like elsewhere in Nigeria the access to privately owned housing units through traditional channels has made it immensely possible for a relatively large number of people to be house owners at certain cost which includes the sale of the same plot to more than one buyer owing to a lack of a comprehensive land register and sometimes conflict over rights of ownership between the state and private individuals or family groups or between members of families â€Å"omo onile† (owoade, abiodun ‘97). However, over 60% of these residents are under a tenement kind of arrangement constructed by â€Å"absentee landlord† with this kind of arrangement ending abruptly due to unforeseen evictions(Owoade, abiodun et al) The issue of land acquisition at the same time is far more complex because government acquired land is rarely made available or affordable for the average or even made accessible due to lack of basic infrastructure. Alternatively, in order to live closer to job opportunities there’s need for settling in centrally located pieces of abandoned land left due to unsuitability for housing either for being along railway paths or under high tension electric cable or marshy lands. (Owoade ’07, Tannerfeldt and Ljung 2006). David Owoade in his report emphatically stated that the Problems of rapid urbanization have increased and become more glaring as the cities expand and many attempts to curb these problems have not achieved the desired results. Housing continued to be supplied through informal self-help landlords and a majority of tenants live in homes with unsecured tenure while many holders find home in slums and shantytowns. Examples include Ajegunle, Makoko, Badiya, Maroko etc. Those that have been fortunate enough to build their houses on the periphery of the cities (ota in sango) have to live without basic services and infrastructures such as clean water, sewers, electricity and roads. In 1976, it was estimated that 111000 residential houses were available in Lagos to provide accommodation for a population of 3. 2 million keeping it at an average of 28 persons per building. By 19080, it had gotten worse with 30 persons living in a building and it was further projected that 2 per cent of the population lived in self-contained buildings leaving the remaining 98 % to rooming accommodations connoting shared facilities like the kitchen and the toilet. It was further estimated that by the year 2000, a total number of 1. 5 million housing units would be needed to cater to fast growing population. It is no surprise that there is no more land for the government to build that they have resulted in sand filling of certain areas ( Raji Rasaki, 1988). However an updated article by lookman oshodi,2010 quoting the Lagos ministry of housing 2010 brings the demography to a total number of 91% of the total population living in the metropolis, about 20,000 persons per square kilometre in the built up areas. The occupancy ratio however are 8-10 persons per room with 72. 5% of household occupying one room apartment’s . ince the rate of growth in Lagos has assumed a geometric progression the provision of houses has never been commensurate leading to decay in structure either by quantity or quality. Hence, multiplying the number of inhibited slums from 42 in the year 1985 to over a hundred in 2010. (slums and squatter settlement)also, this à ¢â‚¬Å"urban poor† pay house rents that are almost 50-70% of their income since most accommodations as earlier said are provided by private landlords. Thus, dividing the metropolis into classes such as low income/high density, medium income/medium density, high income /low density. (Lawanson 2007, lookman oshodi 2010) The population in Lagos seems to growing each day with its problems. onetheless, according to aduwo,2011 quoting (Okupe, 2002; Oruwari, 2006), Public housing was birthed as a solution to the proliferation of slums and squatter settlements but Housing specialists have revealed that public housing has failed to provide decent housing, claiming that it has succeeded in segregating tenants by income, race, and that it has isolated residents from the larger community. However, all these problems have resulted in overcrowding of buildings leaving room for no access, urban sprawl, lack of open spaces, high cost of building materials etc. [pic] Population in lagos Source: case study of lagos:geography and climate [pic] Source: case study of lagos:geography and climate Reference 1. MANAGING METROPOLITAN LAGOS ,Raji Rasaki ,Inaugural Programme of the Africa leadership forum, 1988 2. HOUSING TRANSFORMATION AND ITS IMPACT ON NEIGHBOURHOODS IN SELECTED LOW-INCOME PUBLIC HOUSING ESTATES IN LAGOS, NIGERIA: A PhD Thesis: Egidario Bridgette ADUWO,2011 3. THE IMPACT OF URBANIZATION ON HOUSING DEVELOPMENT: The Lagos Experience, Nigeria. ;Aluko O. E; Ethiopian Journal of Environmental Studies and Management ; Vol. 3 No. 3 2010 4. PUBLIC HOUSING DELIVERY IN NIGERIA: PROBLEMS AND CHALLENGES; World congress on Housing Transforming Housing Environments through the Design south Africa, L. M Olayiwola, O Adeleye L Ogunshakin, 2005 5. CHALLENGES AND GROWTH OF DEVELOPMET IN METROPLOLITAN LAGOS, archive. unu. edu/unupress/unupbooks; old United Nations university website. 6. ANALYSIS OF THE INTERPLAY OF MIGRATION AND URBAN EXPANSION, ON HEALTH AND THE ENVIRONMENT: THE CASE OF LAGOS by Okuneye P. A, Adebayo, K, Opeolu B. T. and F. I. Baddru; University of Agriculture, Abeokuta and University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria 7. LAGOS: THE CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES OF AN EMERGENT AFRICAN MEGA CITY by Femi Olokesusi Paper Presented at the NISER Seminar Series on 5 July, 2011 8. HOUSING PROBLEMS IN NIGERIAN CITIES, Josephine Olu. Abiodun, reprinted from the town planning review, vol. 47, no. 4, October, 1976. How to cite Effect of Rapid Urbanization on Housing, Papers

Global Business Millers Retail Ltd.

Question: Discuss the Brazilian fashion retail market and industry in order to enable Millers Retail Ltd. to successfully enter into the Brazilian market. Answer: Introduction The purpose of this report is to analyse the current business situation of Millers Retail Ltd. as well as to assess the companys growth opportunities in the global market. For this report, Brazil is selected as the target market in which the company plans to enter as part of strategic goal to create a global presence. This report covers the brief over of the company vis--vis its position in the Australian market. The report further discusses the macro and micro environmental factors present in the Brazilian market and its effect on the proposed business of the company. In addition, the report has also discussed the size of the industry and growth opportunity in the selected market with the help of Porters five forces. Finally, the report also discusses marketing mix and strategic choice that the company can undertake to successfully enter into the Brazilian market (Cortez et al. 2014). Company overview Millers retail ltd. is an Australian fashion retail business that markets womens apparels and accessories and is one of the countrys largest retailers. The company was established in 1993 and was floated at the Australian stock exchange in 1998 by its founder Ian Miller. Currently the company operates as a chain of total 380 stores across Australia and New Zealand and is the largest womens retailer nationally. Further, the company has been re-invigorating itself as a brand and exploring the global markets in order to appeal wide range of customers (Millers.com.au 2016). Comprehensive country research and analysis It can be discussed with the help of PESTLE analysis as PESTLE analysis The PESTLE analysis of Brazilian market can discussed as Political factors: the government is in stable state; however, corruption is a major concern and for any company or private to operate in the Brazilian market have to deal with these issues, that also presents ethical dilemma for the companies. The country is a remember of World Trade Organization and Cairns Group (Kennedy 2013). Economic factors: the economic conditions of the country is favorable for the Millers Retail Ltd as Brazil is the seventh largest economy in terms of purchasing power parity and GDP and operates as a free economy. The economy is developing at a rate of 5% p.a. and greater than the global average. The inflation rate in the country is stable at around 5 to 6% also the interest rate in the country is around 11% that aims at increasing the flow of money in the market (Bahadir et al. 2015). Social factors: the overall standard of living in the country is increasing as the education and basic infrastructure has improved over time. The number of women in work force is substantial particularly in the lower paid positions. Economically independent women are favorable for the Millers Retail ltd as its main consumers are women (Kennedy 2013). Technological factors: technological factors that would affect the business of Millers are less advanced as the country is labor intensive and faces challenges in fields of science and technology (Ibarra et al. 2013). Legal factors: legal factors affecting the business are governed by various trade agreements and existing laws of the individual countries that the Miller Retails have to comply. Environmental factors: environment protectionist environmental laws and regulations have to followed. Therefore, for the company to operate in the Brazilian market has to follow international standards as currently is the largest emitter of green house gas and the country is under international pressure to reduce green house emissions (Ibarra et al. 2013). The microenvironment analysis refers to analysis of the industry, it enables to analyse the attractive of the market and level of competition in the market. For Brazilian fashion retail industry, it can be discussed as - Porters five forces Threat of new entrants: the Brazilian fashion retail industry is well establish, therefore, threat of new entrants is low and for a new player to enter into the market would require huge initial investments to establish its supply chain and brand awareness among the customers. Threat of substitutes: The retail fashion industry has fewer substitutes as clothing is the basic human requirement and cannot be avoided. Therefore, threat of substitutes is low. Bargaining power of buyers: the economy of Brazil is based on open economy and many sellers mark the industry. Therefore, customers have high bargaining power and dictate the terms of the business (Fernie et al. 2015). Bargaining power of suppliers: The bargaining power of suppliers is low as the industry is not dependent on suppliers as their most of the companies have implemented back ward integrating and have their own strategic suppliers that exclusively supplies to their business partners (Castaldo et al. 2013). Industry rivalry: The inter industry rivalry is high as there are many players who compete for the same target customers and operates in the same business with limited opportunity of brand differentiation (Kennedy 2013). Segmentation, Targeting and Positioning (STP) Segmentation: The market of the Brazil can be segmented on the basis of age, income group, and geographical segmentation. Targeting: the major customers of the Miller are the urban female customers between the age group of 18-40 (Moyano and Lengler 2013). Positioning positioning is pre marketing that aims at creating a favorable impression of the brand in the minds of target customers. The company can position itself as high-end retail brand that provides high quality products with best in class services and value for their customers price (Miotto and Parente 2015). Marketing Mix The marketing mix for the Millers retail for Brazilian market can be discussed as Product: the product of Millers retail are women fashion clothing and accessories. The company provides vast assortment of fashion merchandise ranging from home wear to party wears. Price: In order to successful in the Brazilian market, the company needs to adopt cost leadership pricing strategy as the customers demand quality products at a reasonable prices. Other pricing strategies that can be employed are price differentiation by providing discounts (Moyano and Lengler 2013). Place: the distribution system of the company is primarily dependent on its physical stores, however, the company can also develop online business model to meet the demands of modern customers (Miotto and Parente 2015). Promotion: Millers Retail Ltd., can promote its self in the Brazilian market through online advertising, magazines, billboards, etc. (Schlegelmilch 2016). Strategic recommendation In order, to be successful in the Brazilian market, Millers retail can enter into strategic alliance with some companies that targets the similar customer group (e.g. Lojas Marisa). The reason being, Millers retail is the Australian company that has limited knowledge of the Brazilian market. Therefore, the company can achieve its objective of market growth more effectively as the company would require less investments and risks can be minimized (West et al. 2015). Conclusion From the above discussion, it can be concluded that Millers Retail can enter into the Brazilian market as the countrys overall business environment presents a favorable outlook for the company. In addition, with the effective strategic alliance with existing Brazilian company and proper marketing mix formulation, the company can establish itself in the Brazilian market. References Bahadir, S.C., Bharadwaj, S.G. and Srivastava, R.K., 2015. Marketing mix and brand sales in global markets: Examining the contingent role of country-market characteristics.Journal of International Business Studies,46(5), pp.596-619. Castaldo, S., Grosso, M. and Premazzi, K., 2013.Retail and channel marketing. Edward Elgar Publishing. Cortez, M.A., Tu, N.T., Van Anh, D., Ng, B.Z. and Vegafria, E., 2014. Fast fashion quadrangle: An analysis.Academy of Marketing Studies Journal,18(1), p.1. Fernie, J., Fernie, S. and Moore, C., 2015.Principles of retailing. Routledge. Ibarra, G., Cindy, J., Ogliari, A. and de Abreu, A.F., 2013. A Contribution to Guide the Use of Support Tools for Technology Roadmapping: a Case Study in the Clothing industry.Journal of technology management innovation,8(4), pp.153-169. Kennedy, B., 2013. Retail Marketing Theory In Fashion Retailing Context. McCormick, H., Cartwright, J., Perry, P., Barnes, L., Lynch, S. and Ball, G., 2014. Fashion retailingpast, present and future.Textile Progress,46(3), pp.227-321. Millers.com.au. 2016. Women's clothing | Shop for clothes online - Fast shipping! | Millers Buy women's clothing online.. [online] Available at: https://www.millers.com.au/ [Accessed 31 May 2016]. Miotto, A.P. and Parente, J.G., 2015. Retail evolution model in emerging markets: apparel store formats in Brazil.International Journal of Retail Distribution Management,43(3), pp.242-260. Moyano, C.M. and Lengler, J., 2013. Exploring the Relationships Among Personal Values, Self-Concept s Affective Security Dimension and Female Consumption Behavior: Perspectives from the Brazilian Retail Experience.Revista de Administrao FACES Journal,12(1). Schlegelmilch, B.B., 2016. Segmenting Targeting and Positioning in Global Markets. InGlobal Marketing Strategy(pp. 63-82). Springer International Publishing. West, D., Ford, J. and Ibrahim, E., 2015.Strategic marketing: creating competitive advantage. Oxford University Press.