Young and Feminine Comportment Essay Example

Youthful and Feminine Comportment Paper Iris Marion Young-Feminine Comportment The point of this article is to assess and talk about Iris Marion Young’s record of female comportment. Quite a bit of her paper depends on speculations and thoughts communicated in crafted by Merleau-Ponty thus to assess Young, this article will quickly talk about crafted by Merleau-Ponty. The paper will at that point go to the outline of Young’s article. The assessment of this contention will be obviously and briefly exemplified in a short end. The principal point that Young worries about is that Erwin Strauss in his investigation of body comportment takes yet a second to examine why little youngsters have the inadequate tossing style that they do. Strauss finds no end with regards to why little youngsters clumsily toss a ball thus puts it down to a â€Å"effeminate quintessence or female attitude†. Anyway perspectives are worked through socialization as in the clear paper socialization see that maybe appears the most conceivable if not sane. What is evident is that mentalities are found out not obtained so where might a multi year old young lady have educated of her â€Å"feminine essence†? In her own words Young looks to â€Å"†¦fill a hole that consequently exists both in existential phenomenology and women's activist hypothesis. † (Young. 1990, p 145) Young tries to discover how the body finishes a distinct errand and this is done through consolidating crafted by Merleau-Ponty and Beauvoir who both handle and figure various thoughts concerning development. Familiarity with body is inborn our bodies can â€Å"learn† where we are corresponding to space. We will compose a custom paper test on Young and Feminine Comportment explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom paper test on Young and Feminine Comportment explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom paper test on Young and Feminine Comportment explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer With training our bodies can act without psychological idea, the things that we practice with along these lines become an augmentation of ourselves-similarly as with an accomplished typist that no longer needs to take a gander at a PCs console, Merleau-Ponty compares this to his typewriter where a â€Å"motor space† opens under his hands and he can type without pondering finding the letters. This can be seen in sports as well, for instance when a squash player’s racquet is an augmentation of the body. The player knows about it, has a thought of where it is comparable to them and utilizes it as an augmentation of the body absent a lot of thought, so as to hit the ball. The equivalent happens in numerous different games like hockey, capable practice for quite some time transforms the stick into an expansion of the arms, the player is as mindful of it as they are of an appendage. At the point when a ball is hit perilously into a player’s body, rather than lifting hands to get it, the stick naturally comes up to square it. This is on the grounds that the player has prepared to do as such and now gives the activity no idea it simply occurs. This could be compared to muscle memory-and significantly after not contacting a stick or riding a bike, the individual attempting to do either would in any case have the option to. This thought we can so include our bodies in our general surroundings ought not be odd. People are excessively expelled from their environmental factors generally and this system of procured body development ought to be completely normal as after all we control our bodies. Youthful likewise makes reference to Simone de Beauvoir’s concentrate on female comportment. The issue with this investigation as indicated by Young is that Beauvoir centers around why ladies have consistently felt their body a weight this for the most part because of how conveying youngster and conceiving an offspring will in general make a gritty attach to nature that men don't understanding. This to some extent abuses ladies additionally the way that men don’t convey kids is by all accounts some portion of the common persecution that ladies feel. Anyway this doesn't address the issue of â€Å"feminine essence†, as this has to do with a woman’s physiology and not with a baffling pith. She begins with the fundamental developments mapping the distinctions in position while strolling, standing and sitting and afterward moves to how things are conveyed and utilized comparable to the body. The general discoveries are that ladies attempt to shield themselves from hurt; they don't trust themselves truly ready to perform overwhelming errands like men do. Additionally their activities mirror a characteristic subordinate situation comparable to the manner in which men walk, stand and collaborate with objects. People utilize their bodies distinctively as per Young-as though this was not promptly obvious, however to Young the â€Å"why† is what is significant. Generally Young surrenders that ladies don't feel as great with space as men do, men will in general take a progressively dynamic perspective on space, and game is a decent method of estimating this. Be that as it may, clearly it is too simple to even consider saying that ladies are more scared of getting injured than men are and that they don’t believe in their real capacities as men do-which Young proposals as a two-prong answer to why ladies are at a base level increasingly awkward with space and activities. She recommends that ladies don't believe their bodies as men do rather battling their bodies to satisfy an activity. Youthful at that point characterizes the three modalities of development that are restrained by innate womanliness and these are: uncertain amazing quality, repressed deliberateness and irregular solidarity. To clarify these terms-equivocal amazing quality is the possibility that as opposed to traveling through the body, ladies are awkward in it, they remember that they have a body, rather they are never-endingly mindful of it, but then not happy with it. Amazing quality is the point at which you are unified with your body, where your body is totally you, you don’t even consider it since the thing does all the encountering. Nature is the point at which you know about something as a thing. The hockey stick along these lines is inborn to us. Youthful is stating that for ladies, their bodies are just mostly extraordinary. At no time does a lady become lost in an action and overlook she has a body, she doesn’t interface with the activity through the body. She is consistently mindful of the body as an item. She says that the way that in, for instance, tossing, ladies just move some portion of their bodies (only the arm, say) shows that the unmoving part is as yet an article for them. To portray hindered deliberateness, feel that as opposed to your body coming to advance to get something, you waver. Deliberateness is engaged with how legitimately one expects to accomplish something. Youthful here is deciphering Merleau-Pontys thought that individuals display deliberateness in their development. Men have a brilliant feeling of purposefulness while that of ladies isn't as evolved or is impeded by numerous variables. Spasmodic solidarity must do with the environmental factors of the body. Youthful depicts how ladies detach muscles and muscle bunches so as to complete an errand. This isn't beneficial by any stretch as ladies don’t utilize the significant muscle gatherings to hold up under the weight. She additionally advocates that ladies consider themselves to be questions inside the circumstance. This depends to some degree on what Merleau-Ponty says about the unification of the body and the activity, for Young it is conceivable that his experience is basically because of him taking care of business. This for sure would make his association with the world not the same as hers. In this way straightforward undertakings, if Merleau-Ponty is right would require a lady to do both the job that needs to be done and furthermore battle her body-or urge it into carrying out the responsibility. â€Å"Woman takes herself to be the object of the movement as opposed to its originator† (Young. 1990, p150). Additionally it must be noticed that Young takes the view that ladies consider a to be as coming at them not towards them, getting for example should then troublesome. The possibility of the item coming at them must be vanquished all together that the article can be gotten. This adds another measurement to a basic demonstration, as the body must be cajoled into doing such an apparently straightforward undertaking. To summarize the ramifications of this are simple Young proposes that ladies experience a feeling of characteristic otherness concerning their own bodies. As to Young’s utilization of Merleau-Ponty’s work, she utilizes his work in her conversation of methodology, which she sums up into three focuses. But these three focuses manage a similar idea and appear to have nearly similar premises and end. The first relates that Merleau-Ponty causes a differentiation between the kinds of room that a human to can understanding. The various thoughts of room for him emerge because of a man or woman’s connection to that space, from this, Young derives that ladylike space is diverse to that of guys in that ladies discover space encasing and end up situated in space-this must imply that men wind up encompassed by space yet not situated in it-rather it around them. Merleau-Ponty finds that â€Å"here† and â€Å"there† to men are indeed the very same as I would likewise have thought-being male-the perspective on men is that â€Å"here† and â€Å"there† are the equivalent joined by their bodies. Ladylike spatiality again isn't equivalent to it expect the view that â€Å"there† is not quite the same as â€Å"here†-Young marks this twofold spatiality (Young, 1990, p152). The third point begins with the possibility that ladies end up situated in space. For Merleau-Ponty the world is comprised of items and articles require space, the body isn't the item however the system by which space can be estimated. This can't be so for ladies in the event that they are situated in space. Youthful decides to recommend that ladylike substantial comportment is a mind boggling issue and that it has nothing to do with a â€Å"feminine essence† as Strauss needed t

Code Of Ethic Compliance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Code Of Ethic Compliance - Essay Example Constrained! It doesn't work. A quiet psyche is the primary essential in any undertaking. The inclination of the brain is to meander. The brain must be held under scholarly watch yet that is conceivable just through instigating the correct evaluation of needs. Psyche responds to the upgrades from the world, and reacts as needs be, however an engrossed brain prompts a befuddled reaction. The primary goal of instructor ought to be to improve mind fixation or accessibility to draw the consideration absolutely and totally. Where is the room of any uncertainty for the person who is persuaded that the errand is inside his ability This ought to be the substance of very instruction. A favorable domain must be made by the instructor to construct high self-assurance and high confidence inside understudies. Demeanor has the effect. The teacher should turn into a wellspring of uplifting demeanor for the understudies. Louis A. Berman said A great educator is an ace of disentanglement and an adversary of simplism. A teacher must advance straightforward living yet high reasoning mentality. This enormously helps in scholarly improvement which thusly will do. As indicated by William Arthur Ward The average educator tells. The great instructor clarifies. The predominant instructor illustrates. The incredible educator motivates. A teacher needs to show others how its done. One needs to act than to address.

The Short-Term Effects of Heroin Use

The Short-Term Effects of Heroin Use Addiction Drug Use Heroin Print The Short-Term Effects of Heroin Use By Buddy T facebook twitter Buddy T is an anonymous writer and founding member of the Online Al-Anon Outreach Committee with decades of experience writing about alcoholism. Learn about our editorial policy Buddy T Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on January 04, 2017 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on January 02, 2020 Andrew Burton Collection/Getty Images News More in Addiction Drug Use Heroin Cocaine Marijuana Meth Ecstasy/MDMA Hallucinogens Opioids Prescription Medications Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Nicotine Use Coping and Recovery As soon as heroin enters the brain, the user experiences a surge of the pleasurable sensation known as a rush. When heroin enters the brain, crosses the blood-brain barrier, it is converted to morphine and quickly binds to opioid receptors, producing that euphoric feeling. How quickly the heroin enters the brain determines the intensity of the rush. When heroin is injected it causes a much quicker reaction than if it is smoked. If it is smoked, the reaction is quicker than if it is snorted. But, no matter how it is administered it enters the brain very rapidly and this is one reason heroin is so addictive. The Dangers of Heroin Remain, No Matter How Its Taken Other Short-Term Effects Other than the euphoric rush, users usually experience dry mouth, a warm flushing of the skin, and their extremities begin to feel heavy. Sometimes users can experience nausea, vomiting, and severe itching. After the initial, short-term effects of the drug, users can feel drowsy for several hours, due to heroins effect on the central nervous system. During this period cardiac function and breathing can slow down. In the case of a heroin overdose, breathing can slow to the point of being life-threatening. How Heroin Use Affects Your Health Street Heroin Is Not Always Pure Because heroin is often mixed with other substances before it is sold on the street level, the short-term effects that users experience can depend on many factors, including how much the drug was cut and what substance was used. Heroin is often mixed with non-harmful substances like baby powder or baking soda, which results in reducing the usual side effects of the drug. However, sometimes it is mixed with other substances that can increase the effects of the drug. Side Effects Can Be Deadly In recent years, healthcare officials have reported an increase in incidents in which heroin was mixed with the powerful painkiller fentanyl, a synthetic opioid that is much more powerful than pure heroin. The results were a significant increase in overdose deaths across the United States. The danger lies in the fact that heroin users really have no way of knowing exactly what they may be getting or how pure it may be. They really never know what they are actually taking. Users who are used to using heroin that has been highly diluted by mixing it with baking soda, who unexpectedly use heroin that has not to be cutâ€"or that which has been mixed with other drugsâ€"can accidentally overdose. Symptoms of a Heroin Overdose Taking too much heroin, accidentally or intentionally, can cause an overdose that can affect the airways, lungs, eyes, ears, nose, throat, heart, blood, skin, stomach, intestines, and the nervous system. If you suspect that someone has overdosed on heroin, call 911 immediately, or call the national, toll-free Poison Help hotline (800-222-1222). Here are symptoms of a heroin overdose: No breathingShallow breathingSlow and difficult breathingDry mouthExtremely small pupilsDiscolored tongueLow blood pressureWeak pulseBluish-colored nails and lipsSpasms of the stomach and intestinesComaDeliriumDisorientationDrowsinessUncontrolled muscle movements How to Recognize the Signs of Drug Overdose

Information Processing And The Human Mind - 1468 Words

Information processing theories emphasizes on the way people focus on environmental events, translate information to be learned and find a way to relate the information to the knowledge in the short term memory and then store the knowledge in the long term memory; to retrieve it when need be. The way we process information such as problem solving and critical thinking with such efficiency, it is seen that we perform better than highly sophisticated machines. Even thou the human mind is so incredibly remarkable, researchers didn’t develop systematic models of memory, cognition, and thinking until the 20th century. In the 1950s, the only pronounced research model was the information processing model (IPM). â€Å"Information processing is not the name of a single theory; it is a generic name applied to theoretical perspectives dealing with the sequence and execution of cognitive events (Sch.164).† Because of these multiple theory perspectives, information processing is sho rt of a clear identity. Most of the researcher on information processing was done in a lab where they studied eye movements, recognition and recall times, attention to stimuli, and interference in perception and memory. The researchers are still trying to apply educational settings that involve the basics; math, reading, and science. Theorists believe that learning starts to form with relations between the stimuli and responses, which is one of the characteristics in behaviorism. 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Researchers attempted to study thought through introspection. However, introspection was not impartial because individuals are far too complex and do not share similar thoughts and ideas. ThroughoutRead MoreThe Mind And Machines, An Oxymoron?1365 Words   |  6 PagesMinds and Machines, an oxymoron? Can machines think? This question, addressed by Descartes and Turing, leads to discussion of how thought is constructed and what is the mind made of. At the heart of the debate, there is a schism between Cartesian dualism and functionalism. Language is a method considered by both sides as evidence of thought and provides the test for intelligence. This essay will look at Descartes’ objections and Turing’s arguments for whether machine can ever think. 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Over the years, psychologists have studied to great lengths the processes that humans go through as they progress from infancy to adulthood. Several theories have emerged over time with three prominent ones. Jean Piaget and Lev Vygotsky produced two important and distinct theories. Another important theory, the information-processing theory, presents a completely different point

The Issues Of Cyber Bullying - 946 Words

Coastal Carolina University The Issues of Cyber-bullying Alyssa Staub CSCI 101 – D1 Professor Matthews October 23, 2017 Cyber bullying has been a topic for scholarly inquiry, political debate, and policy reform since the commercialization of the Internet. Pre-internet bullying involved socially marginalized children and teenagers picking on their friends and other marginalized children at school. Traditional discipline included detentions, phone calls to their parents, and some type of discipline between the children involved. Today however, for bullies has dramatically changed and the risk-reward balance has been significantly tilted in favor of the bullies. The Emergence of Technology Today, bullies can†¦show more content†¦A case can be made that for engaged participants within massively multiplayer online role playing games, their social well being is paramount in their realization of happiness and acceptance. This paper will also try to make a case for why bullying in these virtual gaming worlds can be more damaging to participants than traditional bullying. Cyber Bullying as a Criminological Issue The world has adopted the Internet as one of the most popular mediums for exchanging information, and criminologists need to be well versed in its complexities in order to make meaningful, relevant, and thought-provoking research. Cyber bullying piggy backs on the foundations of traditional bullying in principle, but provides instigators with a presumed veil of anonymity which modernizes the bullies’ process of bullying. Bullies naturally have less inhibition when they are bullying online because they can be safe at home without fear of repercussion. This is extremely troubling considering there is very little fear of reprisal in an online environment. There are no â€Å"internet police† actively monitoring conversations or information. 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Effect of Rapid Urbanization on Housing Free Essays

string(176) " families from the Island to the Mainland \(Oko Awo scheme\) and since then, the activities of planning authorities have assumed considerable importance in metropolitan Lagos\." THE IMPACT OF RAPID URBANIZATION ON HOUSING DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA FROM 1950 -2010 (Focus on urban developments and housing problems case study: Lagos) Urbanization according to Aluko O. E is rather subjective and can be given various interpretations. However in this concept it can be defined as the expansion of the number of people living in an urban area that depicts the rate at which people move from rural areas and populate the urban areas. We will write a custom essay sample on Effect of Rapid Urbanization on Housing or any similar topic only for you Order Now Reports however, from the united nation show that the population at the urban centres has multiplied four times its initial growth since 1960 and would have risen to a projected number of about 5 billion in the year 2030. Report also has it that over 70 per cent of these populations would settle in cities and towns. Following independence, many administrative centres experienced major unplanned rapid urbanization . The ripple effect of these on cities being the core of urban development is enormous especially on the housing development which has eventually resulted in overcrowding, inadequate dwellings, deplorable urban environment, degrading public infrastructure, and to an extreme, â€Å"outright homelessness† (Adesoji David Jiboye, 2011) . Nonetheless, According to Femi Olokesusi, 2011 quoting Onibokun et. al. 1987) and Onibolun and Kumuyi (1999), assert that various political and socio-economic factors have resulted in rapid growth of urban population resulting in informal settlements, poor housing and slums in Nigeria. The rate of influx of people into major cities has been so high that the pace of settlement development and housing provision could not accommodate them. Since they must have shelter, all forms of informal procedures are adopted to provide housing. This has resulted in non-compliance with physical planning regulations and development control standards. Thus there have been cases of incompatibility of land use activities, overcrowding (due to high occupancy ratio, high density of development), poor construction standards (due to use of substandard building materials and construction methods), and ill-serviced dwelling Units, among others. The impact of rapid population growth however, on urban development and conditions is far more than merely a demographic or quantitative one especially on housing development as a whole which is a direct consequence of the push of the rural areas and the pull of the town. Current studies however indicate that the impact of rapid urbanization in terms of housing is revealed both in its quantity and quantity such that the little number of available houses is being overloaded infrastructurally and spatially leading to a reduction in the level of comfort and a rapid development in the number of slums being created and the level of substandard houses being built in an unplanned and unhealthy environment. However, the level of impact on the adequacy of housing has been compounded particularly by the high rate of population growth, through influx of immigrants, exaggerated real estate values etc. Nonetheless, housing according to Aduwo 2011, Daramola 2006 et al is the measure of the level of housing inadequacy and its quality. According to pelu Awofeso, one out of every two Nigerians now live in a city leaving limited infrastructure to be engulfed by millions of individuals. In his report he stated that 16 million housing units would have to be provided to address the shortage in urban shelters since the inflow of people supersedes the rate at which affordable housing is being constructed. Housing however, according to Abbas Olukunmi Owoade, 2007 quoting Tannerfeldt and Ljung ‘06)does not only relate to provision of houses but also basic infrastructure of a neighbourhood as well as schools clinics , recreational facilities and other amenities. CASE STUDY:LAGOS The city of Lagos was first inhibited before the 15th century and grew from a typical small fishing and farming settlement due to certain factors such as, the construction of the railway in 1895 that linked the city, the hinterland and the port with the development of the Lagos harbour. In the twinkle of an eye, Lagos became the centre of trade and commerce bringing migrants from every nook and cranny. As the population increased so did the spatial expansion which posed a great deal of problems especially housing development. kehinde George, 2002). Population explosion in lagos became noticeable after 1950 amongst other reason, it was the national capital and in ’67 became a state on its own attracting funds from both the federal and state government there by introducing more migrants. However, Over 90 per cent of the typical housing standard is being provided by the private sector and individual efforts bringing about a gap between its demand and supply finding expression in the cost of rented values that eventually leads to vercrowding, growth of slums and rise in the number of substandard housing (Owoade,Abiodun ‘97). Two major factors that accounted for the rapid growth in lagos can tied to net migration and natural increase According to the old United Nations university website, prior to 1928, planned residential areas in Lagos were limited. They included Ikoyi, which was a reservation area for expatriates who were colonial administrators and executives of foreign firms, and had a population of 4,000, or 3 per cent of the population of the city in 1931. Apapa, Ebute Meta, and Yaba, with a combined population of 22,000, or 17 per cent of the total, also had some element of planning, in the sense that road networks in Ebute Meta and Yaba were laid out on a grid and residential development was confined to the blocks within the road pattern. On Lagos Island, apart from the areas around the racecourse and marina, the indigenous housing was unplanned and was left to develop haphazardly, with houses built quite close together. Such overcrowded, unhealthy housing and poor environmental conditions stimulated the rapid spread of influenza epidemics and bubonic plague, which ravaged the city between 1924 and 1930. These led to the emergence, in 1928, of the pioneer planning authority in Nigeria, the Lagos Executive Development Board (LEDB), which embarked on slum clearance and the relocation of families from the Island to the Mainland (Oko Awo scheme) and since then, the activities of planning authorities have assumed considerable importance in metropolitan Lagos. You read "Effect of Rapid Urbanization on Housing" in category "Papers" The government of Nigeria has interceded at different times to solve housing problems with particular focus on Lagos by providing housing units as well as establishing site and service programmes to make available plots of lands to individual to build their own houses, the period 1979-1983 under the Jakande administration witnessed a massive housing development programme. evertheless, These programmes had little impact in that it provided limited number of housing units with a major setback in the year 1994 due to increase in price of building materials. Thus, making a considerable number of Lagosians lack â€Å"shelter† a basic need of human existence. The wide gap between the supply of and the demand for has operated in escalating house rents, rent edict were promulgated to reduce this hardship by working population . In 1973 for instance the mid-west state government proclaimed an edict which limited the maximum rent payable on dwelling units. However, such edicts have not been effective in arresting increase in house rents (Josephine Abiodun,1976) Planned housing schemes in metropolitan Lagos |Housing agency |Scheme |Remarks | |Lagos Executive Development |Slum clearance of Central Lagos, 1955 to|1,847 families housed in Surulere. ,337 families resettled | |Board, 1955 -1975 |early 1960s, Olowogbowo Rehousing |in low-income rented houses. Subsidized by Ministry of Lagos| | |Scheme, Lagos Housing Scheme |Affairs | |   |Other housing schemes in Surulere |14,537 family units (dwellings) provided. In all, 128,800 | | | |people were provided with housing | |Lagos State Development and |Resettlement of slum dwellers from |1,000 families housed | |Property Corporation (LSDPC), |Central Lagos to Ogba and low-income | | |1972-1979 |housing in Isolo | | |Federal housing |Under 1975-1980 and 1981-1985 plan |6,000 housing units | | |periods | | |LSDPC, 1979 to date |Low-income housing |16,878 housing units | |   |Medium-income housing |1,790 housing units | Source: LSDPC In Lagos, like elsewhere in Nigeria the access to privately owned housing units through traditional channels has made it immensely possible for a relatively large number of people to be house owners at certain cost which includes the sale of the same plot to more than one buyer owing to a lack of a comprehensive land register and sometimes conflict over rights of ownership between the state and private individuals or family groups or between members of families â€Å"omo onile† (owoade, abiodun ‘97). However, over 60% of these residents are under a tenement kind of arrangement constructed by â€Å"absentee landlord† with this kind of arrangement ending abruptly due to unforeseen evictions(Owoade, abiodun et al) The issue of land acquisition at the same time is far more complex because government acquired land is rarely made available or affordable for the average or even made accessible due to lack of basic infrastructure. Alternatively, in order to live closer to job opportunities there’s need for settling in centrally located pieces of abandoned land left due to unsuitability for housing either for being along railway paths or under high tension electric cable or marshy lands. (Owoade ’07, Tannerfeldt and Ljung 2006). David Owoade in his report emphatically stated that the Problems of rapid urbanization have increased and become more glaring as the cities expand and many attempts to curb these problems have not achieved the desired results. Housing continued to be supplied through informal self-help landlords and a majority of tenants live in homes with unsecured tenure while many holders find home in slums and shantytowns. Examples include Ajegunle, Makoko, Badiya, Maroko etc. Those that have been fortunate enough to build their houses on the periphery of the cities (ota in sango) have to live without basic services and infrastructures such as clean water, sewers, electricity and roads. In 1976, it was estimated that 111000 residential houses were available in Lagos to provide accommodation for a population of 3. 2 million keeping it at an average of 28 persons per building. By 19080, it had gotten worse with 30 persons living in a building and it was further projected that 2 per cent of the population lived in self-contained buildings leaving the remaining 98 % to rooming accommodations connoting shared facilities like the kitchen and the toilet. It was further estimated that by the year 2000, a total number of 1. 5 million housing units would be needed to cater to fast growing population. It is no surprise that there is no more land for the government to build that they have resulted in sand filling of certain areas ( Raji Rasaki, 1988). However an updated article by lookman oshodi,2010 quoting the Lagos ministry of housing 2010 brings the demography to a total number of 91% of the total population living in the metropolis, about 20,000 persons per square kilometre in the built up areas. The occupancy ratio however are 8-10 persons per room with 72. 5% of household occupying one room apartment’s . ince the rate of growth in Lagos has assumed a geometric progression the provision of houses has never been commensurate leading to decay in structure either by quantity or quality. Hence, multiplying the number of inhibited slums from 42 in the year 1985 to over a hundred in 2010. (slums and squatter settlement)also, this à ¢â‚¬Å"urban poor† pay house rents that are almost 50-70% of their income since most accommodations as earlier said are provided by private landlords. Thus, dividing the metropolis into classes such as low income/high density, medium income/medium density, high income /low density. (Lawanson 2007, lookman oshodi 2010) The population in Lagos seems to growing each day with its problems. onetheless, according to aduwo,2011 quoting (Okupe, 2002; Oruwari, 2006), Public housing was birthed as a solution to the proliferation of slums and squatter settlements but Housing specialists have revealed that public housing has failed to provide decent housing, claiming that it has succeeded in segregating tenants by income, race, and that it has isolated residents from the larger community. However, all these problems have resulted in overcrowding of buildings leaving room for no access, urban sprawl, lack of open spaces, high cost of building materials etc. [pic] Population in lagos Source: case study of lagos:geography and climate [pic] Source: case study of lagos:geography and climate Reference 1. MANAGING METROPOLITAN LAGOS ,Raji Rasaki ,Inaugural Programme of the Africa leadership forum, 1988 2. HOUSING TRANSFORMATION AND ITS IMPACT ON NEIGHBOURHOODS IN SELECTED LOW-INCOME PUBLIC HOUSING ESTATES IN LAGOS, NIGERIA: A PhD Thesis: Egidario Bridgette ADUWO,2011 3. THE IMPACT OF URBANIZATION ON HOUSING DEVELOPMENT: The Lagos Experience, Nigeria. ;Aluko O. E; Ethiopian Journal of Environmental Studies and Management ; Vol. 3 No. 3 2010 4. PUBLIC HOUSING DELIVERY IN NIGERIA: PROBLEMS AND CHALLENGES; World congress on Housing Transforming Housing Environments through the Design south Africa, L. M Olayiwola, O Adeleye L Ogunshakin, 2005 5. CHALLENGES AND GROWTH OF DEVELOPMET IN METROPLOLITAN LAGOS, archive. unu. edu/unupress/unupbooks; old United Nations university website. 6. ANALYSIS OF THE INTERPLAY OF MIGRATION AND URBAN EXPANSION, ON HEALTH AND THE ENVIRONMENT: THE CASE OF LAGOS by Okuneye P. A, Adebayo, K, Opeolu B. T. and F. I. Baddru; University of Agriculture, Abeokuta and University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria 7. LAGOS: THE CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES OF AN EMERGENT AFRICAN MEGA CITY by Femi Olokesusi Paper Presented at the NISER Seminar Series on 5 July, 2011 8. HOUSING PROBLEMS IN NIGERIAN CITIES, Josephine Olu. Abiodun, reprinted from the town planning review, vol. 47, no. 4, October, 1976. How to cite Effect of Rapid Urbanization on Housing, Papers

Global Business Millers Retail Ltd.

Question: Discuss the Brazilian fashion retail market and industry in order to enable Millers Retail Ltd. to successfully enter into the Brazilian market. Answer: Introduction The purpose of this report is to analyse the current business situation of Millers Retail Ltd. as well as to assess the companys growth opportunities in the global market. For this report, Brazil is selected as the target market in which the company plans to enter as part of strategic goal to create a global presence. This report covers the brief over of the company vis--vis its position in the Australian market. The report further discusses the macro and micro environmental factors present in the Brazilian market and its effect on the proposed business of the company. In addition, the report has also discussed the size of the industry and growth opportunity in the selected market with the help of Porters five forces. Finally, the report also discusses marketing mix and strategic choice that the company can undertake to successfully enter into the Brazilian market (Cortez et al. 2014). Company overview Millers retail ltd. is an Australian fashion retail business that markets womens apparels and accessories and is one of the countrys largest retailers. The company was established in 1993 and was floated at the Australian stock exchange in 1998 by its founder Ian Miller. Currently the company operates as a chain of total 380 stores across Australia and New Zealand and is the largest womens retailer nationally. Further, the company has been re-invigorating itself as a brand and exploring the global markets in order to appeal wide range of customers (Millers.com.au 2016). Comprehensive country research and analysis It can be discussed with the help of PESTLE analysis as PESTLE analysis The PESTLE analysis of Brazilian market can discussed as Political factors: the government is in stable state; however, corruption is a major concern and for any company or private to operate in the Brazilian market have to deal with these issues, that also presents ethical dilemma for the companies. The country is a remember of World Trade Organization and Cairns Group (Kennedy 2013). Economic factors: the economic conditions of the country is favorable for the Millers Retail Ltd as Brazil is the seventh largest economy in terms of purchasing power parity and GDP and operates as a free economy. The economy is developing at a rate of 5% p.a. and greater than the global average. The inflation rate in the country is stable at around 5 to 6% also the interest rate in the country is around 11% that aims at increasing the flow of money in the market (Bahadir et al. 2015). Social factors: the overall standard of living in the country is increasing as the education and basic infrastructure has improved over time. The number of women in work force is substantial particularly in the lower paid positions. Economically independent women are favorable for the Millers Retail ltd as its main consumers are women (Kennedy 2013). Technological factors: technological factors that would affect the business of Millers are less advanced as the country is labor intensive and faces challenges in fields of science and technology (Ibarra et al. 2013). Legal factors: legal factors affecting the business are governed by various trade agreements and existing laws of the individual countries that the Miller Retails have to comply. Environmental factors: environment protectionist environmental laws and regulations have to followed. Therefore, for the company to operate in the Brazilian market has to follow international standards as currently is the largest emitter of green house gas and the country is under international pressure to reduce green house emissions (Ibarra et al. 2013). The microenvironment analysis refers to analysis of the industry, it enables to analyse the attractive of the market and level of competition in the market. For Brazilian fashion retail industry, it can be discussed as - Porters five forces Threat of new entrants: the Brazilian fashion retail industry is well establish, therefore, threat of new entrants is low and for a new player to enter into the market would require huge initial investments to establish its supply chain and brand awareness among the customers. Threat of substitutes: The retail fashion industry has fewer substitutes as clothing is the basic human requirement and cannot be avoided. Therefore, threat of substitutes is low. Bargaining power of buyers: the economy of Brazil is based on open economy and many sellers mark the industry. Therefore, customers have high bargaining power and dictate the terms of the business (Fernie et al. 2015). Bargaining power of suppliers: The bargaining power of suppliers is low as the industry is not dependent on suppliers as their most of the companies have implemented back ward integrating and have their own strategic suppliers that exclusively supplies to their business partners (Castaldo et al. 2013). Industry rivalry: The inter industry rivalry is high as there are many players who compete for the same target customers and operates in the same business with limited opportunity of brand differentiation (Kennedy 2013). Segmentation, Targeting and Positioning (STP) Segmentation: The market of the Brazil can be segmented on the basis of age, income group, and geographical segmentation. Targeting: the major customers of the Miller are the urban female customers between the age group of 18-40 (Moyano and Lengler 2013). Positioning positioning is pre marketing that aims at creating a favorable impression of the brand in the minds of target customers. The company can position itself as high-end retail brand that provides high quality products with best in class services and value for their customers price (Miotto and Parente 2015). Marketing Mix The marketing mix for the Millers retail for Brazilian market can be discussed as Product: the product of Millers retail are women fashion clothing and accessories. The company provides vast assortment of fashion merchandise ranging from home wear to party wears. Price: In order to successful in the Brazilian market, the company needs to adopt cost leadership pricing strategy as the customers demand quality products at a reasonable prices. Other pricing strategies that can be employed are price differentiation by providing discounts (Moyano and Lengler 2013). Place: the distribution system of the company is primarily dependent on its physical stores, however, the company can also develop online business model to meet the demands of modern customers (Miotto and Parente 2015). Promotion: Millers Retail Ltd., can promote its self in the Brazilian market through online advertising, magazines, billboards, etc. (Schlegelmilch 2016). Strategic recommendation In order, to be successful in the Brazilian market, Millers retail can enter into strategic alliance with some companies that targets the similar customer group (e.g. Lojas Marisa). The reason being, Millers retail is the Australian company that has limited knowledge of the Brazilian market. Therefore, the company can achieve its objective of market growth more effectively as the company would require less investments and risks can be minimized (West et al. 2015). Conclusion From the above discussion, it can be concluded that Millers Retail can enter into the Brazilian market as the countrys overall business environment presents a favorable outlook for the company. In addition, with the effective strategic alliance with existing Brazilian company and proper marketing mix formulation, the company can establish itself in the Brazilian market. References Bahadir, S.C., Bharadwaj, S.G. and Srivastava, R.K., 2015. Marketing mix and brand sales in global markets: Examining the contingent role of country-market characteristics.Journal of International Business Studies,46(5), pp.596-619. Castaldo, S., Grosso, M. and Premazzi, K., 2013.Retail and channel marketing. Edward Elgar Publishing. Cortez, M.A., Tu, N.T., Van Anh, D., Ng, B.Z. and Vegafria, E., 2014. Fast fashion quadrangle: An analysis.Academy of Marketing Studies Journal,18(1), p.1. Fernie, J., Fernie, S. and Moore, C., 2015.Principles of retailing. Routledge. Ibarra, G., Cindy, J., Ogliari, A. and de Abreu, A.F., 2013. A Contribution to Guide the Use of Support Tools for Technology Roadmapping: a Case Study in the Clothing industry.Journal of technology management innovation,8(4), pp.153-169. Kennedy, B., 2013. Retail Marketing Theory In Fashion Retailing Context. McCormick, H., Cartwright, J., Perry, P., Barnes, L., Lynch, S. and Ball, G., 2014. Fashion retailingpast, present and future.Textile Progress,46(3), pp.227-321. Millers.com.au. 2016. Women's clothing | Shop for clothes online - Fast shipping! | Millers Buy women's clothing online.. [online] Available at: https://www.millers.com.au/ [Accessed 31 May 2016]. Miotto, A.P. and Parente, J.G., 2015. Retail evolution model in emerging markets: apparel store formats in Brazil.International Journal of Retail Distribution Management,43(3), pp.242-260. Moyano, C.M. and Lengler, J., 2013. Exploring the Relationships Among Personal Values, Self-Concept s Affective Security Dimension and Female Consumption Behavior: Perspectives from the Brazilian Retail Experience.Revista de Administrao FACES Journal,12(1). Schlegelmilch, B.B., 2016. Segmenting Targeting and Positioning in Global Markets. InGlobal Marketing Strategy(pp. 63-82). Springer International Publishing. West, D., Ford, J. and Ibrahim, E., 2015.Strategic marketing: creating competitive advantage. Oxford University Press.

Bassanios reactions Essay Example

Bassanios reactions Essay Example Bassanios reactions Essay Bassanios reactions Essay Both in the play and the film, Shylock is presented as a very religious man through the strong language used. [He hates Antonio] for he is a Christian; The words a Christian suggest that Shylock believes Christians are something else which is completely foreign to his own tribe. Also, when Bassanio asks Shylock to dine with him, Shylock has such a strong reaction and emphasizes on the word you in the form of anaphora to state out the big difference between them. As Shylock is saying this speech in the film, he places his left hand on the chest with a steady expression in the eyes as if he is showing his absolute loyalty to God.When Antonio first appears in the play, Shylock speaks in the form of soliloquy to tell the audience his real thought. If [he] can catch [Antonio] upon the hip, [he] will feed fat the ancient grudge [he] [bears] him. The audience is shocked by how cruel and strong the revenge is, especially the word fat gives us a disgusting image that we would almost feel sick of how psychotic Shylock is.Surprisingly, this terrifying soliloquy has been left out in the film. Instead, the hatred is revealed to the viewers through the (close-camera / camera-shot?) on the wide-opened staring eyes of Shylock and his deep, heavy tone when he answers Bassanio, I am debating of my present store,. Of course, the effect is far less powerful than the words.Then Shylock begins to talk about the way he has been mistreated, like a stranger cur, as well as in the film where he has been expressed to be even more pitiful. When they walk into Shylocks office from the noisy crowded street, the background of the office immediately draws the audiences attention- it is dark and messy with only a few barbed windows as if the room is a prison. Then Shylock uses a heavy and pale tone to talk about his mistreatment like a prisoner begging for mercy! The language, atmosphere and the tone have made Shylock seem a lot weaker than both the audience and viewers have possibly expected, and due to the human nature, men always tend to protect the weak people so the audience would probably be quite sympathetic with Shylock despite his previous negative image.The audience probably would have been convinced that Shylock is actually the naà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ve. Why look how you storm! I would be friends with you, and have your love what an kind offer that sounds like, especially when he outstretches his arms as if he would give Antonio all he has!However, his image soon turns to malevolent after he has demanded an equal bound of Antonios fair flesh as a forfeit. The audience immediately realises that Shylock has not forgotten about the revenge at all, and the words fair flesh actually mean good flesh because Antonio is a good Christian. We are absolutely unsettled and horrified by the evilness of the hypocritical Jew.Yet in the film, Shylock just casually stands up and grabs the contract as he announces the bound with a short pause before he says an equal pound of your fair f lesh. All this seems to convince the viewers that Shylock says it as a joke which has just gone up his mind in an attempt to make Shylock look much more reasonable.On the other hand, Antonio is expressed to be a lot weaker in his religious compared to Shylock as he breaks the custom of neither lending nor borrowing for Bassanio. Yet his loving and amiable characteristic is so much stronger and is shown fully which totally fulfils the audiences expectation of a protagonist.Nevertheless, when Antonio admits that he will spit and kick again, the audience is probably disappointed of knowing his negative side. How could a hero be so mean-spirited and prejudiced against someone different? Yet Antonio does show his honesty on a fair side. In the film, Antonio is annoyed with Shylocks words and is eager to speak out his thought, showing his noble and truthful characteristic compared to the two-faced Jew.But the atmosphere is soon filled with anxiety as Antonio says, Exact the penalty. After having heard the evil soliloquy, the word penalty is like putting an image for the end! Although Antonio is so confident, the audience can easily sense the danger and think Antonio is arrogant and stupid!When shylock announces the bound in the film, however, there is a (camera-shot / close camera?) on Antonio, showing the quick change of expression from arrogant to anxious, especially when he bites his thumb with a frozen and uneasy smile, the viewers are certain that Antonio is deeply troubled. Again, this also shows the great paternal love between Antonio and bassanio!Bassanio is vital for the audience to deeply understand the relationship between Shylock and Antonio.When Shylock says, Antonio is a good man-, Bassanios reaction shows that good means morally good in the Christian society where as in the Jewish culture, good means being able to pay back!, stating their huge difference both is religious and thoughts, as well as shaping the avaricious image of Jews.In the film, Anton io and Shylock do not speak to each other straight away. Instead, Bassanio is used as a connection between them, showing their complicated relationship- disrespect, hatred and suspicious.Also, Bassanio connects the audience to the stage by bringing in their thoughts and feelings. This were kindness. As well as the intensed expression with the deep tone shown closely in the film when Antonio takes the bound. This is all representing the audience. On the other hand, he also lets Antonio fully express his unconditional love.

How to Learn Algebra without Any Extra Attempts and Skills

How to Learn Algebra without Any Extra Attempts and Skills Algebra is a complex high school and college science which requires an in-depth knowledge of math as well as the basic operations (adding, subtracting, multiplying, and dividing). No matter what language you are using for it, it is hard. The article provides a lot of secrets applied to learn algebra without any difficulties. Basic Points in Algebra Understand and use the order of math operations with respect to the given acronym: PEMDAS Be aware of the negative numbers and know how to manage them. Remember the basic rule: the higher the figure, the further it is from zero. Make long problems easier by having them organized. Put down every new stage on a new line. Learn variables which cannot be defined as numbers (x, y, and z). Solve algebraic equations by excluding the numbers to obtain only the variables. Let’s go into some details. You may wonder what PEMDAS is in algebra. Well, it is a helpful instrument for memorizing the specific order of operations. You may find out how to use the order of operations by reading the  corresponding article. In brief, this order refers to: Exponents Multiplication Division Addition Subtraction If you wish to know why the order is so critical in algebra, you must realize that working with operations in the wrong order can influence the response from the negative aspect. For example, in case you deal with the issue like 7 + 3 x 4, if you decide to add 3 to 7 before the multiplication process, you’ll receive 40, which is the incorrect answer. By all mathematical rules, you should conduct multiplication before the addition. This way, you’ll obtain 19, which is a correct answer to the given problem. So, mind your order of operations! Studying Basic Algebra Principles Check the main math operations. Begin with arithmetic. To learn algebra well, a student has to master arithmetic as the basis. Such functions as adding, subtracting, multiplying and dividing are learned from the elementary school, so you should not have problems with them. In fact, algebra is completely based on these operations, but it involves more complex formulas, equations, and work with other symbols different from numbers. If you don’t possess the mentioned skills, you still have time to study them on your own on the internet or with the help of the math books. In other words, everything must be studied step-by-step to obtain the necessary knowledge. If you simply hate working with numbers, you should understand there is no need to be a professional in the corresponding field to learn algebra on the basic level. In case you would like to work in the field of journalism or law, you may simply learn the basic equations instead of studying all those nasty algebraic formulas that are essential when you choose statistics or accounting. Also, students may buy prepared algebra solutions from the online academic writing services to both improve their skills and gain sufficient score. Keep in mind students are always allowed to bring their calculator with them. You may use various software solutions like Excel to solve big algebra problems faster and more accurately. The main thing is to learn how to work with different devices. That is what an average citizen needs. At the same time, students are not allowed to bring anything else except for their calculators and pens to their exam. Smartphone or laptop calculators won’t work as these devices are forbidden during the examination. Dedicate enough time to learning how to work with your calculator fast enough as far as every exam is limited by time. How to Use Negative Numbers? You might probably know that -/- gives + while -/+ still stands for them -. Those are the basics only. You will frequently meet negative figures in algebra, statistics, economics, accounting, and some other disciplines which require a knowledge of math. It would be better to have a look at the basic operations like adding, subtracting, multiplying, and dividing before moving to the same operations with the negatives. We will mention some of the major principles used in algebra in order to proceed with the negative numbers. Remember: a negative analogy of a number is the same distance from 0 as the positive analogy is but in the opposite direction. Apply number line to take it easy. A number line makes it easy to define which numbers are greater or lesser. The principles of using it may be explored on the math dedicated website. If you try to add 2 negatives together, the number turns even more negative. The digits will become higher, but the meaning will remain with the sign -. Thus, it will be lower in any case. Subtracting a negative number means the same as adding a positive number. Multiplying or dividing negatives always leads to a positive answer. Multiplying or dividing a positive and a negative brings us to a negative figure. Algebra Problems Have Their Own Structure Just like an essay or research paper, an algebra problem and its solution have their structures. You should now simply provide the answer, but to describe the process as well as interpret the received results. You have to remember how to organize lengthy problems. Difficult problems with many possible solutions may take plenty of your time. To avoid mistakes, it is critical to organize the process by beginning with the new number line each time it is possible to take a new step toward a solution. When you work on a two-sided equation, it is recommended to put down each symbol of equality underneath each other. That is a great approach to avoiding mistakes or fixing them later. E.g. to cope with the equation 10/5 – 1 + 4 x 3, we may structure the entire solution this way: 10/5 – 1 + 4 x 3 10/5 – 1 + 12 2 – 1 + 12 1 + 12 13 Any algebra problem can be resolved in such a way. A step-by-step method is always effective, so don’t forget about it when learning algebra. Knowing What Variables Are and How to Work with Them Algebra plays a great role in passing SAT. It is one of the required sections, so it is better to learn the discussed subject before taking the test. You may find out about SAT scores more. The test results might help on your way to entering college. Anyway, working with variables is one of the conditions. SAT involves tasks associated with these figures. As we have discussed above, in algebra, students first meet letters and other symbols in addition to the good old numbers. These figures are usually used to interpret unknown numbers which have to be found with the help of correct formula and solution. These things are also known as variables. Their values are unknown, and sometimes it is pretty hard to discover them. In some cases, you won’t even have to get corresponding numbers. There can be too many unknowns to find specific answers, so students should only show the way to solve the problem. Here are several ordinary examples of variables in algebra: Letters (a, b, c, x, y, and z) Greek letters like theta or beta Please keep in mind not  all  symbols are unknown variables. E.g. pi, or Ï€, is always equal to approximately 3.14159. Anyway, you should think about these variables as â€Å"unknown† numbers to make it easy. Most of the time, the purpose is to reveal the hidden number. The sample of the problem to explore is shown below. 5x + 5 = 15, x is our variable respectively. It means that a certain value corresponds to the given letter. It should make the left side of the equation equal to 15. Because 5 x 2 + 5 = 15, the correct response is x = 2. An easy method to master variables is to remove them with the question marks. For instance, a student may want to turn the equation 1 + 4 + x = 12 as 1 + 4 +? = 12. The answer is 7, of course. But what should you do in case the variable pops up more than one time? It is still possible to solve an algebraic problem of the type. Learn to treat variables as ordinary numbers. You can apply any arithmetical operation to the variables that are alike. To make it easy, x + x = 3x, but x + y has another value (let’s say, 3xy). To help you understand, there is an equation 1x + 3x = 8. You can add 1x and 3x together to obtain 4x = 8. Since 4 x 2 = 8, you discover that x = 2. It works with the same variables only! How Does the â€Å"Cancelling† Principle Work? Make an attempt to obtain the variable by itself. Algebra equations have either numbers, variable, or both on two sides. If you must solve x + 4 = 8 x 3, learn to place and analyze the variable all alone. To do so, it is important to delete â€Å"+ 4† value. Subtract 4 from the first side. You’ll stay with x = 8 x 3. Still, to get both sides equal, you will have to subtract 4 from the second side. Thus, you’ll get x = 8 x 3 – 4. By sticking to the generally accepted order of algebraic operations, a student should multiply before subtracting. The answer is x = 24 – 4 = 20. It’s just this easy! You may want to find out how to cancel addition with subtraction. Obtaining the unknown value by itself on the first side refers to replacing the numbers next to it on the other side of the equation. It looks like the opposite operation. On the whole, addition and subtraction are opposites as you could notice from the example below. It is one of the basic rules you should memorize when learning algebra. The same principle works with multiplication and division. Thus, it becomes simpler to learn algebra even without any free help. Lessons to Strengthen Your Skills If you need some more lessons to develop deeper skills in algebra, use various visual elements to better remember the information. You can apply images to illustrate anything from formula to equation. Instead of the pictures, some teachers use a group of physical objects during their lessons to develop student’s knowledge and understanding. These might be blocks and coins. What about "common sense checks"? It is another great way to learn algebra lessons deeper. Every time you convert a problem written in words into algebraic shape, check the formula by plugging in simple values. Now think whether your equation is meaningful when x equals to zero, 1, and -1? The answers are not all the time the integers. Algebraic problems do not always require solutions with round and simple figures. These figures can be expressed through decimals, fractions, and irrational numbers. That is why each student really needs to bring a calculator to each lesson. However, the tutor may ask to give the final answer in the exact form. If you’re already doing great in algebra, check out whether you can deal with factoring. One of the most complicated math skills is factoring. Most of the students who are keen on algebra learn this section sooner or later. It is used to obtain a shortcut in order to get lengthy equations into easy forms. It is considered a semi-advanced algebra section, so you definitely need some help when moving to such chapter. Solving real-life issues where algebra skills are required is one of the best ways to practice all the time. To learn algebra is not enough – a student has to apply the gained skills. Otherwise, this person may forget even the basics. You can train when dealing with your finances. You can practice by obtaining a part-time or seasonal job where the math skills are essential. You may start learning new related disciplines like statistics, accounting, economics, geometry, finances, etc. In fact, even computer science demands a solid knowledge of math. As a rule, engineering and construction students have to face various algebra problems regularly. Finally, you can order free or paid online help in the shape of algebra problem solutions samples or papers written from scratch after turning to the online experts in the field of academic writing!

Globalisation , the World Economy and MNEs Essay - 2

Globalisation , the World Economy and MNEs - Essay Example The government of the will be left fighting to retain its power. The monopolizing effect and lack of local industries will eventually draw the economy into a foreign driven system where the country will depend on the decisions made by these foreign MNEs (Dicken 123). The other disadvantageous effect of foreign investments is felt on the country’s Balance of Payment. As the MNE invest on the country’s economy, they bring in initial capital that will boost the country’s economy, but the earnings from these investments always go back to their parent country (Hill 240). Taxation is also mostly done on the parent country level, meaning that the country does not gain anything from these investments. Another effect is on the importation sector, the main offices of these MNEs are on the parent country and the foreign subsidiary receives their goods from the main office (Rojec 204). This means that the host country will end up being importers, which debits their current accounts of the balance of payment. National sovereignty of the host country and its autonomy also faces some challenges. The MNEs will be on the forefront on the decisions affecting the economy, basing that their major interest is to maximize profit, they would not have much concerns with the economy of the host country. They would make decisions on what is best for them leading to uneven development in the country (Saggi 54). The effort of the country’s government to still retain the decision making control on its economy will not help because they have no control over the foreign

Should Japanese Yen be appreciated or depreciated against U.S. Dollar Research Paper

Should Japanese Yen be appreciated or depreciated against U.S. Dollar - Research Paper Example Over the years owing to crisis US has adopted unconvincing monetary policies as a measure for bailout and recovering from the miserable economic situation. This has made dollars almost worthless. Under such circumstances Japan has also adopted the mechanism of quantitative easing leading to appreciation of Japanese Yen. But it has not helped the Japanese economy much. Credit growth has been on the slower side (Zarathustra). Taking this as backdrop the paper intends to trace out the effective exchange rate policy for Japanese economy, whether it should be appreciation or depreciation, and citing various reasons and arguments for it. Japanese Yen is such a powerful currency that it has appreciated even under conditions of quantitative. This phenomenon has continued in Japanese economy for 10 years. In contrast there has been depreciation of Pound Sterling by almost 50 percent of Yen. Depreciation list includes many other important currencies like Euro. Japan has also maintained a low interest rate of 1.092% even in the era of debt crisis. But the ongoing recession has caused economic growth in Japan on the slower side. This has deleveraged private enterprises. This requires Japan to reconsider and frame an effective exchange rate that can lead to economic growth (Zarathustra; Japan Intervenes to Tame Soaring Yen Ahead of G20). New York has suffered a fall in recent times which had raised questions on status of US recovery. But ultimately it has been to recover to 88 yen as per the current Tokyo deals. Tokyo has brought back dollars recently and this had helped United States in overcoming recent downturns (Dollar recovers to 88 yen zone in Tokyo after sharp falls in N.Y. +). Currently Japanese Yen is going at 0.0128086 USD. Data from the months in 2011 gives the lowest value as 0.0122797 USD which was for the month of July and the highest value of 0.0131979 USD was traced for the month of October. Average has remained at 0.0129061

Graffiti Impact on Society

Graffiti Impact on Society On a wall, there is something that gives a hint of cowardliness, vandalism, pain and beauty. And that is what draws us to look at it, and admire whats within it. The origins of graffiti can be traced back to the Roman and Italian empires, as early as 100 B.C. The word graffiti, is the plural form of the Italian word graffito, which means to write or draw on a public surface. Graffiti is one of the most controversial forms of art, viewed by many as a positive form of self expression, while others define it as an act of vandalism. On a wall, there is something that gives a hint of cowardliness, vandalism, pain and beauty. And that is what draws us to look at it, and admire whats within it. The origins of graffiti can be traced back to the Roman and Italian empires, as early as 100 B.C. The word graffiti, is the plural form of the Italian word graffito, which means to write or draw on a public surface. Graffiti is one of the most controversial forms of art, viewed by many as a positive form of self expression, while others define it as an act of vandalismOn a wall, there is something that gives a hint of cowardliness, vandalism, pain and beauty (Lynard Norris). And that is what draws us to look at it, and admire whats within it. The origins of graffiti can be traced back to the Greek, Roman and Italian empires, as early as 100 B.C. The word graffiti is the plural form of the Italian word graffito, which means to write or draw on a public surface (If its Hip its Here). Graffiti is one of the most controversial forms of art, viewed by many as a positive form of self expression, while others define it as an act of vandalism.the most controversial forms of art, viewed by many as a positive form of self expression, while others define it as an act of vandalism. For your subtopics, have you considered discussing: 1.) Some detail about the historical significance, applications, of early graffiti 2.) The evolution of the art form throughout time 3.) Graffiti as a modern, urban form of expression. 4.) Legal implications of this art form and any attempts to legalize or promote it? In ancient times, graffiti was carved on walls with a sharp artifact, or painted with organic pigments. It was mainly used to express political messages, and to inform the members of an empire about an upcoming event. Although these markings were often created by liberal citizens, they were also sponsored by the government, to show their social ranking, and intimidate those who did not obey their commands. These forms of early graffiti, mostly displayed magic spells, declarations of love, literary quotes, and stories about daily life in society (Graffiti). However, not everyone would dare to implement this form of art, because it was constantly penalized. Many of these inscriptions can still be found in sepulchers and temples, as well as pillars of important monuments, helping historians learn more about past civilizations. As history evolves, so does graffiti. Throughout the years, graffiti has been a cultural and aesthetical tradition that continues to cause controversies around the world. From its early days to the present, this form of art has always been among the most non ephemeral forms of human expression. As the times change, new forms of graffiti have been created. From scratches and paintings, to throw ups and peaces, the world has experienced the ever changing revolution of graffiti. Having a neutral connotation in two different spectrums from two completely opposite worlds (Shelby Sparrow), graffiti has modified and accustomed itself to fit in in all social classes, and atmospheres. Even though the techniques have changed, the attitudes have not. Everyone has a different point of view, agreeing or disagreeing with this act. Being a very biased subject, it reflects culture and art, however it also influences divisions in society (Jeremy Wegener). Now used by political activists to make statements, and gang members to mark territ ories, it is hard to define who is an illustrator, and who is a rebel. One can accurately infer who is involved in the modern graffiti movement, differencing a tagger from an artist by learning more about their forms of expression. I dont call what I do tagging, what I do is art. Its my thoughts, feelings and expressions. Tagging is going out and throwing up one line scribbles, I dont do that (Erick Ortega). In the late 1960s, a new form of art emerged. As one of the pioneers of modern graffiti art, CORNBREAD started to make himself known to the city of Philadelphia, by writing his name on train cars (At 149st). This radical movement was later called motion art. In 1972, Hugo Martinez founded the United Graffiti Artists Association, just a year after the New York Times Magazine published an article on TAKI 183, the first recognized graffiti Artist in America. Many people question who does graffiti, and why they do it, but the answers remain uncomprehended, rather than unanswered. To me, it [graffiti] means releasing stress or life worries, through a simple shake and spray of paint, I started hitting walls, and now Im addicted (Jaime Jackson). Those who dont call themselves artists or taggers, define themselves as writers. Because they dont only draw, they compose feelings, and show stories that they couldnt express in any other way. Among the many rules of graffiti, there are also various slang terms for the terminologies used, some of the most common include: Tag- to make a piece of graffiti, Toy- A new, inexperienced writer, Throw Up- One layer of spray paint filling in bubble letters that are outlined in another color, Hit/Hit Up- To tag, Wild style- A complicated piece constructed with interlocking letters, Fresh- Really good graffiti (Graffiti). Although these writers express many words with slang, they have a very open understanding of language, and literacy, applying it to their pieces of art, but leaving their thoughts for open interpretation. A lot of people dont even write anymore, we are forgetting the concept of literature, and ignoring the correct use of our beautiful language. I understand that graffiti can be a big problem, but when those individuals go out and capture an i dea that brings inspiration to others, thats when I feel proud of this urban form or art. They just need a place to do it, thats it. They shouldnt get in trouble for doing what they love (Crispin Sartwell). According to the San Diego Police Department Today, graffiti is a sign of urban decay. It has become everyones eyesore. Graffiti generates fear of neighborhood crime and instability. It is costly, destructive, lowers property values and sends a message that people of the community are not concerned about the appearance of their neighborhoods. It is also against the law!. In 2009, the maximum fine for tagging was $2,200, or 12 months of imprisonment (Law Link). These severe punishments have been driving taggers out of the streets, but not even these ultimatums can wipe out the graffiti environment completely. Cities all over the world, have been trying to put an end to this vandalism, but others have taken street art into galleries and museums, separating it from gang graffiti, which often has a poor taste, and is done strictly for marking territories. In New York City there are at least 20 art museums that promote graffiti art, and have used it to spread messages of peace and love ar ound the world. From stop signs that read war under them, to murals or public walls designed to show the consequences of a dysfunctional world, graffiti art is polemically inspiring people, one tag at a time. Somewhere in the world, there is a wall that is waiting to be read. Waiting to be judged, waiting to be admired. That wall is waiting to be discovered, and interpreted. This wall knows that it will be inspiring to some, maybe deceiving, or disappointing. It will bring creativity to someones mind, or anger to someones heart. But this wall will be discovered, and with it, different opinions will come. As we look around, we see that the world is in constant change, always being affected by those who habitat it. From the early days of graffiti, to the forms in which we now know it, art has shaped and rebuilt the basic idea of writing on a wall countless times. From hieroglyphics to carvings, to scratches, to oil pigmentations, to spray paintings, and from caves to tombs, to streets, to museums, graffiti keeps altering itself to match our world, and remain an active part of it. Graffiti art has always affected society, creating dilemmas on whether or not it is a true form of art or just a rebellious act. Why does graffiti exist? It began as a form of expression, a way of communication, and evolved to be a form of art, showing talent, and being available to all social classes.

William Isaac Thomas

The Thomas Theorem William Isaac Thomas (13 August 1863 – 5 December 1947) was an American sociologist. I decided to write about the W. I Thomas after reading about the other theorist I decided that W. I Thomas theory was much more intriguing and very controversial. W. I Thomas is well known for his quote: â€Å"If men define situations as real, they are real in their consequences. † In 1928, the sociologist W. I. Thomas formulated this statement which later became known as the Thomas Theorem. In other words, the interpretation of a situation causes the action. This interpretation is not objective. Actions are affected by subjective perceptions of situations. Whether there even is an objectively correct interpretation is not important for the purposes of helping guide individuals' behavior (http://en. wikipedia. org, 2011). The Thomas Theorem in my interpretation means that whatever you think or believe in it will become true. I agree with this theory to a certain extent that this only applies to some things in life and not all. For example if I think that I am going to be a millionaire it will not just come true I would have to do something in order to make my thoughts come true. How we view the world creates real and tangible outcomes in how we feel and what we do. W. I. Thomas (1863–1947) (1966) stated that whatever we believe to be real will become real in its consequences. So if we believe one religious or political group is right, we will act in a way that supports that view, and we may disagree with those who view things differently. We may try to convince them that our view is right (Vessling,2010). Although many people do not agree with the Thomas theory there are many who do. Law enforcement agencies use it to train officers in the handling of the mentally ill, and it’s been used effectively to explain everything from beauty contest outcomes to panic runs on bank deposits(soulshelter. com, Tim, 2008). The Secret, written by Ronda Byrne and As a Man Thinketh, written by James Allen are both self help books and based on this theory. Some say the formulation of the Thomas Theorem is ambiguous. It could mean, â€Å"The consequences of a situation follow from how it is perceived, not the way it really is,† or â€Å"The power to define a situation includes power over its consequences. † It also could simply mean, â€Å"Beliefs have consequences, regardless of whether they are true. † Whether Thomas was referring to self-fulfilling prophecies, or expressing skepticism about the existence of an objective world; depends on how the statement is interpreted (www. ehow. com, 2011). Frank Van Dun criticized the theorem, he goes on to say: â€Å"The consequences of a situation being believed to be true are the same as if it is actually true,† it is false, because one can't create or negate a reality by wishing for or denying it. If it means, â€Å"The consequences of a situation are real no matter how well it is defined,† it is trivial because that reduces to the aphorism, â€Å"Get real. † Besides the negative feedback from many, W I Thomas was also a pioneer of a psychological approach to social phenomena, and thus can be regarded, together with William Graham Sumner and Wilhelm Wundt, as a forerunner of cultural psychology. His The Polish Peasant was an important landmark in American sociological research. He used biographic data personal letters, autobiographies, diaries, and other personal documents developing the life-history method for which he became famous along with the ideas of George Herbert Mead, Thomas' concept of the â€Å"definition of the situation† later proved to be an important starting point for the revolution of symbolic interactionism against structural functionalism(http://www. ewworldencyclopedia. org, 2011) In conclusion I am a Christian so I believe in God, I also believe that if I ask God to do something that it will be done. The bible reads in Matthew 7:7 Ask, and it shall be given you; seek, and ye shall find; knock, and it shall be opened unto you (King James Bible). W. I Thomas theory maybe a little farfetched to some but this is truth to many. Based on my research I can relate more to the Thomas Theorem. References Alden, WH. 2007) William Isaac Thomas Retrieved from http://www. newworldencyclopedia. org/entry/W. _I. _Thomas Phillips, Colby. (2011). What is the Thomas Theorem of Sociology Retrieved from http://www. ehow. com/info_10068714_thomas-theorem-sociology. html Tim (2010) Understanding the life Through the Thomas Theorem Retrieved fromhttp://www. soulshelter. com/fortune/understanding-the-world-through-the-thomas-theorem-2/ Vissing, Yvonne (2011) An Introduction to Sociology

Business Ethics and dilemma Essay

1. Review the assigned readings from the text and article by Carroll (1991). 2. Prepare a 3- to 5-page paper titled, Corporate Social Responsibility. 3. Reflect upon your text readings from Chapters 1 and 9 with a focus on the following core concepts: Organizational Social Responsibility (Chapters 1 and 9) The Ethical Decision-making Process (Chapter 1) Corporate Reputation (Chapter 9) The Corporate Social Responsibility Pyramid (Chapter 9) The Importance of Trust (Chapter 9) The Pyramid of Corporate Social Responsibility (article by Carroll and Chapter 9) 4. Read The Merck and River Blindness Case at the end of Chapter 9 of your text. 5. Compose your paper in Microsoft Word. Include your name, the assignment name and number, the course and section number, and the date on your title page. Follow APA guidelines for formatting and citations.. NOTE: Your paper must meet the minimum requirements as outlined in the section of Weekly Written Assignments of the Assignment Guidelines and the grading criteria of this assignment. You are to provide a minimum of 2-3 references in your work. For this assignment, use of general google.com or Internet search references is not acceptable. Use the university library’s scholarly databases. 6. Respond to each of the following questions and statements: Stakeholders: Produce a list of all key stakeholders that you perceive to have a bona fide interest in the Merck company’s dilemma. Corporate Social Responsibility Pyramid: Frame the Merck company’s ethical dilemma within the Corporate Social Responsibility Pyramid. E.g. State briefly the key economic, legal, ethical, and philanthropic responsibilities. As a focal point, compare and contrast the economic implications against the ethical and philanthropic considerations. Organizational Values: State briefly and specifically whether the decision to a) proceed with the drug project or b) not to proceed with the drug development best fits with the company’s declared organizational values and its principles of profitability. Stakeholder Impact and Trust: If the drug development failed and cost hundreds of millions of dollars, would that harm to the company and its stakeholders be justifiable? If Merck decided not to pursue development of the new drug, what implications do you see this having for stakeholder relations such as the scientists who desire the development. E.g. Is this a trust and leadership consideration? Final Decision: If you were the CEO of Merck and the final decision on this risky new drug development was yours, what would you do and why? Justify your decision. Using Carroll’s theory, are you comfortable stating your opinion to the board of trustees, employees, and media? NOTE: Since this is an actual, real-life case, your focus should be on producing creative and new thinking that applies the ethical concepts to the material. Also, include an introduction and conclusion in your paper. You are encouraged to use the headings above in Action Item 7 in your paper for organizational purposes. 7. Submit your paper to Turnitin.com. NOTE: Turnitin.com is used by Franklin University to assist students in detecting plagiarism. Turnitin generates a report within minutes of submitting your paper. Your results will not be e-mailed to you; you must login to review your results. Submitting a paper ahead of an assignment deadline provides you with the opportunity to take action if you need to rewrite any part of the paper. Your professor will provide you with a class ID and password as an e-mail or a Class Communication object. Submission Instructions By Sunday, upload your paper using the Submit tool. Grading Criteria Content and focus: Response addressed the question(s) posed in a logical, cohesive manner: 0 – 35 points Analysis and critical thinking: Writing illustrates higher order critical thinking, analysis, synthesis, and/or evaluation: 0 – 35 points Writing style, grammar, sentence structure: Sentences are consistently clear, concise, well written; grammar and punctuation are correct: 0 – 15 points APA and research: Correct use of APA style in body of paper and appropriately references the text and/or other research sources: 0 – 15 points

A Brief Look at Lung Cancer Essays - 1379 Words

The topic that was picked for this Pathophysiology paper is lung cancer. This topic was picked because a lot of people in the United States smoke but why? When this most likely will happen. Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in the United States including both men and women. The American cancer society estimates 186,000 new cases of lung cancer are diagnosed each year and more than 165,000 deaths are because of it. The biggest cause of Lung Cancer relating it too 85% of cases is tobacco smoke, because of the repeated exposure to the inhaled substance. And don’t forget about second hand smoke! (Ignatavicius- workman Medical surgical nursing book 7th edition) First this paper is going to tell what to assess for in a patient†¦show more content†¦Up to 25% of people with Lung Cancer don’t have symptoms, the other 75% of people do have symptoms such as; a new cough, or a cough that doesn’t go away, or changes is a good sign. Or with smokers they sometimes have chronic coughing and if it changes in how severe it is or how often they cough that could be a red flag. Chest, shoulder, and back pain that also does not go away and gets worse with deep breathing is also a sign. New wheezing, shortness of breath, hoarseness, coughing up blood, swelling in the neck and face, difficulty swallowing, weight loss and no appetite, fatigue and weakness, clubbing of the fingers. (http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=52889). Areas of tenderness or masses may be felt when palpating the chest wall. Increased vibrations felt on the chest wall indicates areas of the lung where air spaces are filled with a tumor or fluid. Lung areas with masses sound dull and flat rather than hollow on chest percussion. Breath sounds may change with a tumor in place. Wheezes will indicate obstruction of airflow, decreased or absent breath sounds will indicate complete obstruction of airway by a tumor or fluid. 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Oncogenic RAS is the single most abundant phenotype seen in cancers seen in almost 30% of human tumours screened (Stafford, Walker and Webb, 2012); with certain mutations in RAS being the single determining factor for carcinogenesis. The role of RAS in signal transduction pathways involved in cellular proliferation, apoptotic evasion and cell survival make